两宋江南运河入江口澳闸系统研究

摘要

The dam and lock system constructed and restored in the Song Dynasty in the Jiangnan Ca⁃nal is of great significance in water transportation history and a classical case for studying ancient complex locks. Historical and archaeological data reveal that different approaches were applied in lock construction in the Northern Song and Southern Song. The Northern Song saw more innovative practices as shown in the construction of five locks in Jingkou Harbor, the work division of the two gates, and the establishment of the supplemental harbor. In the Southern song, the five locks in Jingkou and the two locks in Ganlu were recon⁃structed, the drain gates were expanded and renovated, and the connection to rivers protecting granaries were made, which well solved the problems previously existing in transportation and transition.%两宋时期江南运河入江口兴建、复修的澳闸系统，在宋代水运史上具有开创性意义，是研究古代复式船闸的典型案例。历史资料及考古发现揭示，北宋与南宋对澳闸系统的建设各有侧重：北宋曾孝蕴的设计具有开创性，京口港五闸的布置、两澳的分工以及甘露辅港的设立成为我国水运史上一大杰作；南宋史弥坚根据南宋漕运格局的变化以及京口转运中心的需要，复建了京口港五闸及甘露港二闸，又着力修扩归水澳、沟通护仓河，通盘解决了通航与转运的双重任务。