河豚毒素为一类自然界广泛分布的神经性毒素,毒性极强,可通过阻碍钠离子通道而抑制神经传导,使神经麻痹而导致死亡,成为威胁水产品质量安全的重要风险隐患之一,受到国际社会重点关注而被严格管控.同时,河豚毒素具有镇静、镇痛和麻醉等药理作用,在临床医疗方面应用前景广泛.河豚毒素的检测方法主要有生物法、免疫法和仪器分析法等3大类.但由于缺乏高获得率、高分离度的纯化工艺和制备技术,难以大批量生产高纯度的河豚毒素,成为临床应用和安全管控的难点.文章概述了河豚毒素检测和制备方法的研究进展,并对各种方法的适用性及存在的问题进行了综述.%Tetrodotoxin is a widely distributed neurogenic toxin with severe toxicity which can lead to nerve paralysis and cause death by blocking sodium channels and nerve conduction. As one of the most critical risks that threaten the safety of aquatic products, it is strictly controlled by international community. Meanwhile, tetrodotoxin can be used in clinical practice for sedation, analgesia and anesthesia, and has comprehensive application foreground. There are three main methods to detect tetrodotoxin (bioas-say, immunoassay and instrumental method). However, it is difficult to produce high-purity tetrodotoxin in enormous quantity be-cause of lack of purification and preparation technology with high separation efficiency and high yield. The paper reviews the re-search progress in the determination and preparation of tetrodotoxin method, and summerizes the applicability and problem of each method, which provides references for further study.
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