大亚湾人工鱼礁区和岛礁区浮游动物群落特征及对仔稚鱼的影响

摘要

近岸鱼礁区浮游动物群落特征与渔业潜在资源量密切相关,而浮游动物群落特征又受环境因素影响.为此,依据2015年大亚湾人工鱼礁区(114.540°E~114.609°E,22.545°N~22.585°N)和中央列岛岛礁区(114.614°E~114.669°E,22.562°N~22.639°N)四季渔业生态调查资料,分析了浮游动物群落特征及环境影响,并初步探讨了浮游动物对仔稚鱼的影响.结果显示,2个鱼礁区共鉴定出浮游动物130种.浮游动物组成季节变化明显,分成四大季节性群落.优势种从春、夏季以夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillens)和鸟喙尖头溞(Penilia avirostris)占显著优势到秋、冬季以红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)和肥胖箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)具明显优势.2个鱼礁区浮游动物种丰富度指数、生物多样性阈值、栖息密度和生物量年均值相近,浮游动物数量季节性差异明显.仔稚鱼数量分布受桡足类影响,鱼卵数量分布主要受水动力学因子驱动.浮游动物多样性指数、数量分布、群落结构等特征的时空差异是对季节性水团变化引起温度、盐度和浮游植物分布变动的响应.%Zooplankton community characteristics are related to potential fishery resources and effected by environmental factors in coastal reefs. According to four seasonal cruises on fishery ecology in artificial reefs and island reefs of Daya Bay (114.540°E?114.669°E, 22.540°N?22.639°N) in 2015, we analyzed the zooplankton community characteristics and impacts of envir-onmental factors on ichthyoplankton. Altogether 130 zooplankton species were identified. The community structure of zooplankton experienced seasonal variation, including spring group, summer group, autumn group and winter group. The distinct dominant spe-cies were Penilia avirostris and Noctiluca scintillens in spring and summer,and Acartia erythraea and Flaccisagitta enflata in au-tumn and early winter. The annual means of Margalef index, diversity threshold levels, abundance and biomass were similar and the seasonal variance of zooplankton quantity was significant between the two fish reefs. The abundance of larvae was effected by Cope-pods and the distribution of fish spawns was decided by hydrologic conditions. The spatio-temporal variation of zooplankton com-munity characteristics, such as biodiversity indices, community structure, abundance and distribution, were response to temperature, salinity and zooplankton distribution caused by seasonal variation of water mass.