接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫对红壤性状及花生产量的影响

摘要

通过温室花生盆栽试验研究了接种有益土壤动物(蚯蚓和食细菌线虫)对旱地红壤生物学性质(微生物生物量碳氮、基础呼吸、微生物熵、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性)、土壤速效养分(碱解氮和速效磷)及花生产量的影响.试验包含4个处理:不接种处理(CK)、仅接种蚯蚓(E)、仅接种食细菌线虫(N)、联合接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫(EN).结果表明:①蚯蚓和食细菌线虫均提高了土壤微生物生物量碳氮的含量,线虫对微生物生物量碳的贡献大于蚯蚓.②除花生成熟期的接种蚯蚓处理外,接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫后土壤基础呼吸均有所增加,且食细菌线虫的影响也大于蚯蚓.③除花生结荚期无显著性差异外,蚯蚓和食细菌线虫均极显著提高了土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性(P＜0.05).④蚯蚓和食细菌线虫均能增加土壤速效磷和碱解氮含量.⑤接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫后花生产量的增幅为17％～ 20％.总之,在4个花生生长时期,相对于不接种的对照处理,接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫能明显改善红壤性状并最终提高花生产量.%A pot experiment was conducted to study how soil animals (earthworms and bacteria-feeding nematodes) impact microbial characteristics (microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,basal respiration,microbial quotient,urease and acid phosphatase),soil nutrients (available phosphorus and nitrogen) and peanut yield in upland red soil.Four treatments were designed:no inoculation (CK),inoculated earthworms (E),inoculated bacteria-feeding nematodes (N),inoculated earthworms and nematodes (EN).The results showed that:①Both earthworms and nematodes increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,nematodes contributed more to soil microbial biomass carbon than earthworms; ②inoculating soil animal (earthworms and/or nematodes) enhanced soil basal respiration,nematode enhanced more than earthworm,except E treatment in pod filling stage; ③E,N and EN significantly increased soil urease and acid phosphatase activities (P＜0.05) except in pod setting stage; ④ E,N and EN increased soil available phosphorus and available nitrogen; ⑤the increase range of peanut yield was 17％ to 20％ after inoculating soil animal.In conclusion,inoculation of earthworms and nematodes could improve microbiological characteristics,soil fertility of upland red soil and finally increase peanut yield.