生物炭与菜籽饼配施对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响

摘要

To screen and select the appropriate soil protective technology in Southern Shaanxi tobacco-growth area,the effects of the biochar and rapeseed cake fertilizer on soil nutrition,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated.The results showed that both biochar and rapeseed cake enhanced soil numeral nutrition and the combination treatment showed better improvements.Biochar and rapeseed cake also increased tobacco agronomical characteristics.The high-quality leaves rate and high-middle-quality leaves increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of biochar,while the yield and output value increased with the increase of rapeseed cake.The application of biochar and rapeseed cake significantly promoted the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco.There were increases in the content of total nitrogen,nicotine,potassium,total sugar,reducing sugar and decreases in starch content.In conclusion,the best fertilizer application in Xunyang tobacco-planting area is the combination of biochar 750 kg/hm2 and rapeseed cake 750 kg/hm2.%为寻求陕南烟田适宜的土壤改良技术,采用生物炭与菜籽饼二元配比试验,研究其对土壤矿质养分及烟叶品质与产量的影响.研究结果表明:生物炭与菜籽饼均有利于提高土壤矿质养分含量,且以混合施用效果更显著.生物炭与菜籽饼能有效促进烤烟生长,改善烤烟农艺性状,增加上、中部烟叶面积且随菜籽饼施用量的增加叶面积呈现增大的趋势.上等烟和中上等烟比率随生物炭施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势;而产量与产值则随菜籽饼用量的增加表现出增大的趋势.生物炭和菜籽饼及二者交互对烤烟化学品质提升效果显著,能有效提高烤烟全氮、烟碱、钾及总糖和还原糖含量,降低烤后烟叶淀粉水平.综合分析,在陕西安康市旬阳地区推荐生物炭与菜籽饼配比为生物炭750 kg/hm2+菜籽饼750 kg/hm2.