施肥方式对滴灌加工番茄干物质积累、养分吸收和产量的影响

摘要

通过加工番茄大田试验,研究了不同施肥方式下,膜下滴灌加工番茄的干物质积累与养分吸收规律及产量构成.结果表明,在滴灌追施100％氮肥和初果期之后滴灌追施70％钾肥的基础上,基施65％磷肥和初果期之前滴灌追施35％磷肥(优化处理)比100％磷肥基施的加工番茄干物质增加11.51％,产量提高3.59％,氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别增加了6.06、4.15和5.26个百分点.氮肥和磷肥在初果期之前滴灌追施,氮肥和钾肥在初果期之后滴灌追施的滴灌配方肥处理的产量显著低于优化处理,且优化处理的肥料效益也好于滴灌配方肥处理.加工番茄在初果期之前滴灌追施氮与磷,在初果期之后滴灌追施氮与钾可以提高加工番茄产量,增加肥料利用效率.%This study designed the field plot test to examine the effects of fertilization on dry matter accumulation,nutrient uptake and yield of processing tomato under drip irrigation.The results showed that,compared with all phosphate fertilizer as basal,65％ phosphate fertilizer as basal and 35％ phosphate fertilizer as top dressing treatment (Optimization) before first fruiting period improved of processing tomato dry matter by 11.51％ and yield increased by 3.59％,and improved the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased by 6.06,4.15 and 5.26 percentage points,respectively,when drip fertilization of all nitrogen in the whole growth period of processing tomato and drip fertilization of 70％ potassium after first fruiting period.The yields of the treatments with drip fertilization of nitrogen and phosphate before first fruiting period and drip fertilization of nitrogen and potassium after first fruiting period were significantly less than that of the optimization,and fertilizer efficiency of the optimal treatment was also better than the drip irrigation formula fertilizer treatments.Drip fertilization of nitrogen and phosphate before first fruiting period and drip fertilization of nitrogen and potassium after first fruiting period increased processing tomato yield and improved the utilization rate of fertilizer.