麦秸、稻壳及菌渣还田对设施菜地的青椒品质及产量的影响

摘要

针对设施菜地长期连作带来的土壤退化问题,研究不同种类农业废弃物(麦秸、稻壳及菌渣)还田对设施青椒光合色素含量、产量及品质的影响,以了解农业废弃物利用的可行性.结果表明:麦秸、稻壳及菌渣还田可以有效提高光合色素含量和抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)活性,降低丙二醛含量,其中叶绿素含量以菌渣处理(T3)最高,为1.045 3 mg/g FW;类胡萝卜素含量以稻壳+麦秸处理(T4)最高,为0.257 8 mg/g FW;Chl.a/Chl.b值、Chl.(a+b)/Car.值均以菌渣处理(T3)最大,分别为3.22、4.12.此外,农业废弃物还田可以有效抑制青椒果实中类黄酮和花青素色素的形成.菌渣处理(T3)下的果实可溶性糖与Vc含量最高,分别较对照处理(T7)增加81.20％、15.84％,可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸蛋白质含量分别以稻壳+麦秸处理(T4)、稻壳处理(T1)最高.结果还显示,多种农业废弃物配施的青椒产量低于单一施入;菌渣单施处理(T3)产量最高,达48 255.75 kg/hm2.%Effects of different varieties agricultural residues (wheat straw,rice husk and mushroom dregs) on photosynthetic characteristics,quality and yield of green peppers were studied by returning treatments.The results showed that agricultural residues promoted photosynthetic pigment contents and antioxidant enzymes (SOD,POD,CAT) activities,reduced MDA content.The chlorophyll content of T3 (added mushroom dregs) was the highest,which was 1.045 3 mg/g FW,the carotenoid content reached the highest under T4 (added both wheat straw and rice husk) for 0.257 8 mg/g FW,the ratios of Chl.a/Chl.b,Chl.(a + b)/Car.For T3 were the highest,which were 3.22,4.12,respectively.Furthermore,agricultural residues restrained flavonoids content and anthocyanins content in pepper fruit effectively.Under T3,the soluble sugar and Vc contents in peppers were increased by 81.20％,15.84％ compared with T7,while the soluble protein and free amino acid contents of T4,T1 were the highest respectively.The results also showed that the yield of green peppers under various agricultural residues was lower than single returning treatment,the yield reached the highest under T3 by 48 255.75 kg/hm2.