无偿献血不良反应影响因素分析及预防措施

摘要

目的 探讨无偿献血不良反应的发生情况及其影响因素,并提出针对性预防措施.方法 选取2013年1月至2016年12月期间本地血站发生不良反应的无偿献血者942例资料进行回顾性分析,查看不良反应发生情况的观察记录,对其影响因素进行探讨,并根据分析结果提出针对性预防措施.结果 18~29岁阶段者献血不良反应发生率明显高于其他年龄段,学生群体献血不良反应发生率明显高于其他职业,夏季(6~8月)献血者不良反应发生率明显高于其他季节,献血1次者不良反应发生率明显高于献血2次以上者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).在各种献血不良反应诱因中,以精神紧张所致献血不良反应发生率远高于其他诱因,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 精神紧张是引起无偿献血不良反应的主要因素,多见于学生、年轻献血人群和首次献血者之中,通过加强无偿献血知识宣传,提高采血人员技能水平,可有效降低献血反应的发生风险.%Objective To determine the prevalence and influence factors of adverse reactions in blood donation,and give targeted preventive measures.Methods 942 cases of blood donors were selected who had adverse reactions in local blood center from January 2013 to December 2016 and were performed retrospective analysis.We looked up the observation records of the occurrence of adverse reactions,investigated its influence factors,and proposed targeted preventive measures according to analysis results.Results Age 18 to 29 were found to have a much higher incidence of adverse reactions in blood donation than any other ages.Students suffered a remarkably higher incidence of adverse reactions than any other careers.And blood donors had a much higher incidence of adverse reactions in summer(from June to August).The incidence of adverse reactions in first-time blood donors was reported to be much higher than that in repeated blood donors.All above had statistical differences(P<0.05).Among all kinds of causes,the incidence of adverse reactions caused by nervousness in blood donors was much higher than others(P<0.05).Conclusion Nervousness is the main cause of adverse reactions in blood donation,which mostly exists in students,young and first-time blood donors.And the risk of adverse reactions in blood donation can be effectively reduced by strengthening the propaganda of blood donation and improving skill level of blood collectors.