Food is one of the key factors affecting wildlife survival.Food habits study helps us to understand the important relationship between wildlife and their living environment,and can also be used to evaluate the quality of the animals' living conditions and their habitats.The seasonal diet variation of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) was studied through microscopic analysis of the fecal contents in Saihanwula National Nature Reserve.The results showed that 31 plant species belonging to 27 genera and 16 families were foraged by N.griseus in the whole year.The composition of plant species was extremely significant different from other 3 seasons,which was extreme significantly lower during winter (x2 =28.865,P ＜ 0.001).The proportion of arborous plants in goral's diet were the lowest in all seasons,and the species of arborous plants in winter was the least with only 1 species.Additionally,the proportion of forbs had extremely significant seasonal changes (x2 =17.213,P ＜0.001),which was consumed less in winter than in other seasons.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and food niche width from high to low were summer,autumn,spring and winter,while Pielou's evenness index in order (from high to low) were summer,autumn,winter and spring.The results showed that the feeding habits of N.griseus had certain adaptability to the seasonal changes of vegetation,and could be affected by an integrative factor of plants richness,arable parts,seasonal activities and energy budget of the animal.%食物是影响野生动物生存的关键因子之一,食性研究是了解野生动物与其生存环境关系的重要内容,也是评价动物生存状况和栖息地质量的基础工作.通过粪便显微分析法对内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区中华斑羚Naemorhedus griseus的食物季节性构成分析,发现中华斑羚全年取食植物16科27属31种,冬季取食植物种类与其他各季节的差异有高度统计学意义(x2 =28.865,P＜0.001),食物种类明显低于其他3个季节.各季节取食乔木的比例均最低,且冬季取食乔木种类仅1种.全年取食非禾本科草本种类各季节的差异有高度统计学意义(x2=17.213,P＜0.001),冬季明显低于其他季节.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和食物生态位宽度由高到低依次为夏季、秋季、春季、冬季,而Pielou均匀度指数由高到低依次为夏季、秋季、冬季、春季.本研究结果表明,中华斑羚的食物选择对栖息地的植被变化具有一定适应性,受植物丰富度和可食部位,以及自身的季节性活动范围和能量平衡等因素的综合影响.
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