自省与反思——布尔加科夫论俄国知识分子世界观

摘要

俄国1905年革命的失败构成了知识分子进行自我反思与批判的宏大社会背景,布尔加科夫作为自由主义派别知识分子的优秀代表对包括自身在内的知识分子阶层进行了批判与反思。他认为1905年革命时活跃在俄国历史舞台上的知识分子阶层最致命的问题在于他们的世界观中存在着宗教性与反宗教性的矛盾,同时他们思想中的无神论人道主义导致其在革命实践中狂热的英雄主义,这种＂英雄主义＂给革命带来消极影响。因此,他认为知识分子需要的是世界观领域的彻底革命,唯有如此,俄国的未来才有希望。%The 1905 revolution failure brought about grand social background of self-reflection and criticism of intellectuals.As the outstanding intellectual representative of liberalism,Bulgakov had self-reflection and criticism to the whole class.He thought the mortal problem was in their world view which both had religious and anti-religious contradiction.At the same time,the atheism humanitarian in their minds led to imaginative heroism in revolutionary practice.This heroism brought negative influence on revolution.So,he thought intellectuals needed revolution thoroughly and the only way to realize revolution.