不同航速和航道水深条件下气垫船冰面兴波数值计算

摘要

Ice-breaking with a heavy air cushion vehicle (ACV) traveling on the floating ice sheet is a new ice-breaking method of in-land rivers and has important application in prevention of ice jam flood in the Yellow River.In this paper waves-making of an ACV on the ice sheet was numerically simulated at various traveling speeds and different depth of the river with Euler-Lagrange coupling algorithm.The influence of vehicle speed and water depth on the wave-making was analyzed.The amplitude of the wave around ACV gradually increases due to the continual push from ACV.Ice sheet cracks once the stress and strain in an ice sheet are accumulated to their critical values of failure.The maximum principal stress at the trough of the wave behind the ACV is larger than that in other places and the ice sheet there will crack firstly.When the water depth increases,maximum vertical displacement and maximum principal stress at both crest and trough of the wave will decrease,while the critical vehicle speed for ice-breaking will increase.%气垫船破冰是指采用大吨位气垫船在冰面上航行进行破冰,是一种较新的内河破冰方法,可应用于黄河凌汛灾害的防治领域.论文采用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合算法对不同航速和水深条件下气垫船在冰面上的兴波进行了数值计算,分析了航速和水深对气垫船冰面兴波的影响.超临界航速下,气垫船逐渐追赶并超越船首的波峰,对所兴起的波动起相反的压制作用;临界航速下,气垫船始终位于船首波峰后方,对所兴起的波动起持续的推波作用,在冰面上逐渐兴起幅值较大的波动.船尾波谷处的最大主应力值相对大一些,冰层破裂最先发生在船尾的波谷处.水深增大后,气垫船冰面兴波的峰值位移和谷值位移、波峰和波谷处最大主应力值均有所减小;气垫船的临界航速则增大,水深增大后对气垫船破冰不利.