The vector sensor with three copponents may measure the sound pressure p (t) and the orthogonal components of the particle velocity vx(t) and vy(t). Based on the instantaneous energy flux density and the instantaneous azimuth, the couple vector sensor is used to carry out a test and research on horizontal and vertical directivity of reverberation. The results show that acoustic energy flux density can broadly describe reverberation characteristics of the spatial directivity, reveal azimuth angle of scattering signal or spatial distribution of scatter, and also can detect and judge the distance between goals and directions. Acoustic energy flux density is significant to the characteristics of the surface and bottom and to the detection of active sonar.%三分量压差式矢量水听器能够同时测量声场的声压p(t)和振速的2个正交分量vx(t),vy(t).为了研究混响的空间特性,以瞬时声能流和瞬时方位为基础,利用2个压差式矢量水听器同时对浅海近距离混响场的水平方向性和垂直方向性进行测试和分析.结果表明:声能流方法可以大致地描述混响场的方向性特性,能够揭示散射信号方位角或散射体的空间分布,同时还可以检测和判断目标的距离和方位,并且对海面和海底散射特性的研究以及主动声呐探测都具有重要意义.
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