East Asia has high population density as well as a dozen super-density metropolitans.Shanghai,the magic city,has topped the list of the most crowded cities for its well-known image of shoulder-to-shoulder and queue everywhere.A number of scholars take Shanghai for over-loaded.Therefore,the population should be strictly controlled and even evacuated.Hong Kong,Singapore and Tokyo are also the most crowded metropolitans in East Asia,whereas they are recognized as vibrant and livable cities.They can provide excellent examples for Shanghai in terms of population distribution and habitant experience.In comparison with similar cases and indicators,this study draws a crowding map of Shanghai which shows that the unpleasant experience of overcrowding is not rigorously caused by high density,but mostly by the deficiency in dwelling and open space.Hence,different tools and policies should be applied according to diverse orientations to crowding.Despite evacuation in particular places,overcrowding in most area can be relieved through resource deployment towards the balance between demand and supply.%东亚地区人口稠密,促生了多个高人口密度的特大城市.“魔都”上海也以其摩肩接踵、长龙遍地的城市形象跻身“拥挤”前列.因此,不少专家学者认为上海的人口已经超载,需要进行严控甚至疏解.香港、东京、新加坡作为东亚地区最“拥挤”的大都市,从人口分布到居民感受都能为上海提供良好的参照.对比相关案例指标,基于统计数据和拥挤成因分析,绘制出一张“上海拥挤地图”,并指出上海的拥挤主要源于居住空间的不足和开放空间的匮乏,而非单纯的高人口密度.相应地,对于上海各区域不同的拥挤成因,应该分类施策,除了局部地区需要疏解人口外,大部分地区可通过资源调配缓解供需矛盾来解决拥挤问题.
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