临床护士丙型肝炎病毒防护知信行现状调查及影响因素分析

摘要

目的 了解临床护士丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)防护的知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素, 为提高临床护士执业安全提供对策依据.方法 以方便抽样法,采用自编问卷,于2014年8月对上海市部分二、三级医院1 027名临床护士进行调查.调查内容包括HCV防护的知识、态度及行为3部分,共49个条目,采用Likert 5级评分法.结果 不同级别、不同性质医院护士的HCV防护知识得分存在差异(P<0.05),二级医院高于三级医院,专科医院高于综合医院;不同级别医院护士的HCV防护态度无差异,专科医院护士对HCV的防护态度得分较综合医院更高(P<0.05);而不同级别、不同性质医院护士的HCV防护行为并无差异.护士HCV防护行为的影响因素包括学历、婚姻、年龄、工作年限、态度得分等.结论 临床护理管理工作中需进一步加强临床护士HCV专科知识培训,提高其防护意识和行为,以降低职业暴露风险,保障护士执业安全.%Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in clinical nurses and the influencing factors, and to provide evidence for the occupational protection.Methods The convenience sampling and self-made questionnaire were used to survey the status of nurses' HCV knowledge, attitudes and behavior in Shanghai in August 2014.Results There were significant differences in knowledge scores among different grade hospitals and different specialized hospitals (P<0.05).The scores were higher in secondary hospitals and specialized hospitals than in tertiary hospitals and general hospitals.The specialized hospitals had higher attitude scores than the general hospitals.But there was no significant difference in attitude score among different grade hospitals.No statistical differences in behavior scores existed among different grade hospitals and different specialized hospitals.The influencing factors of nurses' HCV protective behavior were education, marital status, age, working years, attitude score, etc.Conclusion The specialized HCV training should be further strengthened to improve the levels of nurses' HCV knowledge, attitudes and behavior, reduce the occupational exposure, and ensure the occupational safety.