嘉定区2005-2010年水痘流行病学特征分析

摘要

Objective:To know the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Jiading District in order to provide some information for the control and prevention of chickenpox. Methods:Circular distribution was used to analyze the seasonal trend of chickenpox. Results:The total number of incidence was 6 091 cases from 2005-2010. Children under 14 years old accounted for 63.22%. The maximum annual incidence was 10.93/million. Circular distribution analysis showed that the seasonal trends were more obvious and their value was 0.60 and 0.63 (P<0.05). The ifrst peak time was April 3 and the second was Oct. 26. Conclusion:Chickenpox has the seasonal trend and the pre-school children and school students are in high risk. We should carry out the strategy of combined routine immunization with replanting vaccine to increase the level of immunity of chickenpox before the incidence peak.%目的：了解嘉定区水痘疫情的流行特征，为水痘防控提供依据。方法：运用圆形分布法对2005-2010年水痘疫情进行统计分析，计算角度离散度指标r值、平均角、推算高峰日，并进行雷氏检验。结果：嘉定区2005-2010年水痘总发病数为6091例，年发病率最高在2008年，为109.29/10万；14岁以下的儿童占63.22%。季节性趋势较为明显， r值分别为0.60和0.63（P<0.05），第1发病高峰时间为4月3日，第2发病高峰时间为10月26日。结论：水痘具有明显的季节性发病高峰，学龄前儿童和中小学生是水痘的高发人群，应该在高峰来临前采用学龄前儿童常规接种和在学生中补种相结合的策略开展水痘疫苗的群体水平免疫。