上海市东明社区常见急性传染病流行特征分析与防控对策

摘要

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristic and trend of the common infectious disease in Dongming Community of Shanghai.Methods: The descriptive epidemiological approach was used to analyze 13 common infectious diseases from 2010 to 2014 in Dongming Community and calculate the incidence, ifxed base ratio, MoM, etc.Results:The total incidence of the infectious diseases was 335.19/100 000, 342.46/100 000, 446.36/100 000, 384.22/100 000 and 440.91/100 000 from 2010 to 2014, respectively. There was a rising trend (χ2=11.235,P=0.001), and the main infectious disease was the intestinal infectious one. The increasing speed of the ifxed base ratio of the infectious disease was 4.4%~42.6%, and the MoM growth speed -12.6%~32.6%. The age span of the patients was large, but concentrated in the 0~6 age bracket (67.5%), and most of them were the male and household registration population. The hand-foot-mouth disease and viral hepatitis were in the ifrst and second place of the main diseases.Conclusion: In the past ifve years, the main infectious diseases are the hand-foot-mouth disease and viral hepatitis. The immunization and health education related to the infectious diseases should be strengthened and the monitoring of the infectious disease be enforced for the collective units.%目的：了解上海市东明社区常见传染病的流行特点及流行趋势。方法：采用描述性流行病学方法对东明社区2010至2014年13种常见传染病进行分析，计算发病率、定基比、环比等。结果：2010至2014年传染病年总发病率分别为335.19/10万、342.46/10万、446.36/10万、384.22/10万和440.91/10万，有上升趋势（χ2趋势=11.235， P=0.001），并以肠道传染病为主。传染病定基比增长速度为4.4%~42.6%，环比增长速度为-12.6%~32.6%。发病者年龄跨度较大，但集中分布在0~6岁年龄段（67.5%），且男性、户籍人数较多。主要病种中手足口病和病毒性肝炎一直处于第1和第2位。结论：东明社区近5年传染病以手足口病和病毒性肝炎为主，应加强相关传染病的免疫接种、健康教育，针对集体单位应加强传染病的监测。