骨度、骨度折量分寸与同身寸及其关系的研究

摘要

The accurate location of acupoints is the prerequisite for the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion. Bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement are commonly used in clinic for acupoints location. Based on the systematic review of the ancient literatures, this article discussed the meaning, evolution and relations of bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement. It’s concluded that the bone-length measurement should be a benchmark in ancient anthropometry and an important basis for acupoints location. Bone proportional measurement, used in different genders, ages and body sizes, was based on the relatively stable proportional relations of various body parts, though some of the standards were adjusted in accordance with the correlation between meridians and acupoints. Location of points by proportional unit of the body simplified the application of bone-length measurement and bone proportional measurement, based on the ratio between short and long bones or the ratio of same body parts in anthropometry. However, proportional unit of the body measurement should be applied for the specific body parts. Bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement are correspondingly the benchmark measurement, relative measurement, and simplified measurement.%腧穴准确定位是针灸临床疗效的保障，骨度、骨度折量分寸、同身寸是临床常用的腧穴取穴定位方法。该文重点系统回顾了古代文献，研究了骨度、骨度折量分寸、同身寸的涵义、演变及其关系。结果认为，骨度是古代人体测量学的基准寸度，是腧穴定位的重要依据。骨度折量分寸是根据人体各部位相对稳定的比例关系，将骨度应用于不同性别、年龄、体型腧穴定位的寸度，个别寸度根据经脉循行和穴位间关系进行了调整。同身寸是为了临床取穴简便，依据人体测量学短骨与长骨或相同部位间的比例关系对骨度与骨度折量分寸应用进行的简化寸度，在取穴时需要注意任何同身寸都有其部位适用性，不能用一个同身寸量取非适用部位的穴位。骨度、骨度折量分寸、同身寸三者间，是基准寸度、相对寸度、简便寸度的关系。