快速城市化导致了土地利用类型的迅速变化,由此引起的城市面源污染已成为威胁城市水体健康的主要因素。根据国内外最近几年的研究情况,从净化机理、运行效能、影响因素及评价方法等方面详细介绍了缓冲带、绿色屋顶、植草沟等面源生态控制技术的应用研究情况。各类研究指出,在确保适宜的宽度和坡度、连续植被覆盖的植被缓冲带对消减径流和清除沉积物是极其有效的;绿色屋顶对径流污染消减能力受屋面介质厚度、屋顶坡度、降雨强度、植物类型、土壤层湿度等因素的影响明显;植草沟对于沉积物和重金属去除效率高,而对于易引起水体富营养化的溶解性营养盐的去除效能有待改善,构建介质优化是关键。指出充分发挥各种生态技术的优势、构建城市面源污染生态控制网络是消除城市面源污染毒性、维护健康城市水环境的重要途径。%Land use type has been changed rapidly because of the speeding urbanization,and urban nonpoint source pollution has become the prominent reason of urban waters＇ deterioration.According to researches in recent years,studies about nonpoint source eco-control technologies such as buffer zones,green roofs and bioswales were introduced in detail in purification mechanism,operating performance,affecting factors,evaluation methods,and other aspects.Buffer zones were very effective in reducing runoff and removing sediment as long as appropriate width and slope,and continuous vegetation covering were ensured.Ability of green roofs in controlling runoff pollution was correlated greatly with medium thickness,roof slope,rainfall intensity,plant type,soil moisture levels and other factors. The efficiencies for removal of TSS and heavy metals by bioswales were very high,however,the ability to control soluble nutrition was still needed to be improved whilst the construction media were the key factor.Establishing nonpoint source pollution eco-controlling network was a possible way to eliminate the harm from urban nonpoint source pollution and maintain healthy water-environment through giving full play to the advantages of all sorts of eco-technologies.
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