不同基质对假植茶苗生长及生理特性的影响

摘要

以金萱茶树品种一年生扦插苗为试材,以茶园土、河沙、草炭、蛭石配制A1(河沙∶园土=1∶2)、A2(河沙∶园土=1∶1)和A3(河沙∶草炭∶蛭石=1∶1∶1)三种基质进行假植试验,通过比较三种基质理化性状,测定不同假植期间茶苗的根构型、根系活力、新梢长度、叶绿素荧光参数以及移栽前的成活率.结果表明:(1)三种基质中,以A3基质的容重和EC值最小,总孔隙度和持水孔隙度最大,有机质和速效氮、速效钾、速效磷含量最高,升温和持温效果好.A1基质的温度日较差最小,对温度的缓冲效果佳.(2)A3基质假植茶苗发根早,新生根的总根长、根表面积、根体积、根数以及总根活力、新梢长度极显著高于A1、A2.(3)叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP值虽高于A2、A1,但与A2差异不显著,与A1仅部分显著.(4)三种基质假植的茶苗成活率均在95%以上,A3最高达98.7%.(5)相关性分析表明,茶苗新生根总长、新梢长度与基质容重呈极显著负相关,与有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量呈极显著正相关.所以,容重小、有机质及营养元素含量高的基质类型较适宜茶苗假植,本试验三种基质中以A3作为金萱茶苗假植基质效果最佳.%One-year-old cutting seedlings of tea cultivar Jinxuan and three different substrates named A1 (sand∶soil=1∶2), A2 (sand∶soil=1∶1) and A3 (sand∶plant ash∶vermiculite =1∶1∶1) were used as materials in the temporary planting experiment.By comparing the physicochemical characters of the three substrates and determining the root architecture, root activity, length of new shoots, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and survival rate before transplanting, some results were obtained as follows.(1) A3 had the lowest bulk density and EC value, the largest total porosity and water retaining porosity, the highest contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and better warming and warmth retaining effects.A1 achieved better effect on buffering temperature change as its diurnal temperature range was the least.(2) Compared to A1 and A2, the new root of A3 generated earlier, and the activity, length, surface area, volume and numbers of root were significantly higher under temporary planting.(3) The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ and qP) of tea seedlings in A3 treatment were higher than those in A1 and A2, but the difference between A3 and A2 was not significant.(4) The survival rate of tea seedlings under temporary planting in the three substrates were all above 95%, and that of A3 was the highest as 98.7%.(5) The correlation analysis showed that the total length of new roots and the length of young shoots had significantly negative correlation with the bulk density of substrate, but significantly positively correlated with the contents of organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.Therefore, the substrate with lower bulk density and higher contents of organic matter and nutrient elements was more suitable for temporary planting.In this paper, A3 was the best for the temporary planting of Jinxuan tea seedlings.