泰安市不同绿地土壤微生物群落结构分析

摘要

Soil microorganism is the driving force of soil material cycle and nutrient transformation,also is the pool of soil rapidly available nutrient,available nutrients and organic matters.They can participate the soil biochemical process to transform and decompose the organic matter and fix the nutrients.The quantity of soil microorganism can directly reflect the soil quality in a region.With the continuous development of social economy,more and more functional areas have appeared in the city.In order to understand the influences of different urban greening types on soil environment,2 different greening types,road forests and residential greening forests,were selected in Taian,the microorganism quantities of different types of soil were measured by the dilution plate method,then the change rules of different types of greening vegetation and soil quality were studied.The results showed that the total number of soil microorganism colonies was 798.21 × 104 cfu · g-1 dry soil.The microorganism colony quantities of most soil were actinomycetes ＞ bacteria ＞ fungi.The bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi quantities in the soil of road forests were more than those in the soil of residential area.The relationship between fungi quantity and vegetation coverage rate was obvious,the fungi quantities in the soil with high and low vegetation coverage rate were higher than those in the soil of middle vegetation coverage rate.The vegetation type had a significant effect on the quantities of microorganisms in the soil.It showed shrubs soil ＞ trees soil ＞ herbaceous soil.This study showed that different environments had great impact on soil microorganism community.So the scientific and reasonable landscape planning was conducive to efficiently improve the soil status of green space.%土壤微生物是土壤物质循环和养分转化的动力,是土壤速效养分、有效养分和有机质的储备库,可参与土壤生化过程,分解转化有机质固定养分.土壤微生物数量大小可直接反映一个地区土壤状况好坏.随着社会经济的不断发展,城市中的功能区越来越多,为了解城市内不同功能的绿化类型对于土壤环境状况的影响,选取泰安市两类不同的绿化类型(道路林和小区绿化林),利用稀释平板法测定不同类型土壤微生物数量,从而探究不同类型的绿化植被和土壤质量的变化规律.结果表明,土壤中微生物菌落总数为798.21×104efu·g-1干土,且大多数为放线菌＞细菌＞真菌;细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量都是道路区大于居民区;真菌与植被覆盖率的关系明显,植被覆盖率大和小的区域土壤微生物数量均大于中等植被覆盖率;植被类型对土壤中微生物数量有显著影响,表现为以灌木为主＞乔木为主＞草本为主.说明,不同绿化类型对土壤微生物群落结构影响很大,科学合理的园林规划有利于高效改善绿地土壤状况.