司马迁著史难能可贵之处，是其观察历史、再现历史有突出的平民视角，在许多篇章中反映平民阶层的生活状况，赞扬平民出身的人物的作为，从多方面记载他们推动历史前进的作用。他写鲁仲连“义不帝秦”，令秦将却军五十里；记述樊哙、郦商等出身贫贱的人物，为汉朝立国建树了功业；创设了记载医者、游侠、滑稽、日者等下层人物的合传、类传；又破除视工商为末业的社会偏见，专门为工商业者立传，以大力表彰“布衣匹夫之人，取与以时而息财富”。司马迁这种进步的历史观和卓异的历史编纂思想，使《史记》成为真正记载社会各阶层人物活动的一代“全史”，而且具有超越时空的意义。%The merit of SIMA Qian in the compilation of Shi Ji lies in the fact that he can observe histo⁃ry, represent it with the perspective of the common people, reflect their life condition, praise their deeds and record their historical role in many ways. He writes about LU Zhong-lian’s“rebel against Qin Dynas⁃ty out of justice”, who makes army of Qing retreat 50 li; he narrates that FAN Kuai and LI Shang from the lower class make achievements for Han Dynasty; he creates the synthesized biography and classified biography about doctors, wandering knights, comics, cheongwans. His progressive historical perspective and outstanding compilation idea makes Shi Ji a real“comprehensive history”of people from all class with significance surpassing time and space.
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