基于软系统方法的区域生态安全评价方法的研究

摘要

生态经济系统是一个结构化与非结构化并存的复杂系统,使用硬系统方法( HSM)来分析生态安全问题具有一定的局限性.提出了基于软系统方法论(SSM)的生态安全状态分析评价方法,探求分析结构化与非结构化共存的复合生态系统的方法论,分析区域自然因素、技术物理因素、社会文化因素对生态安全状态的作用合力.应用软系统方法分析生态安全状态,不仅要关注生态安全在物理层面上的问题,更应注重解决造成生态退化的社会、经济等软问题,协调生态利益与树立生态安全文化观念是区域生态恢复和建设中的两个最重要的环节.区域生态安全是资源、环境、社会、经济子系统相互作用的结果,属于半结构化问题,使用软系统方法加以分析才能透视问题的实质,获得比较有意义的研究结论.%Eco - economic system is a complex system with construct and in - construct problems. Hard system methodology cannot completely and effectively analyze the ecological security because of a low priority for the socio - economic factors. The paper uses the soft system methodology to study on ecological security and analyzes how the factors affect a regional ecological security. It is concluded that not only the emphasis is predominantly on biophysical components but also economic and social factors in assessing ecological security. To make different benefit from ecological system harmonious and to build up ecological culture are focal points for regional ecological security. It is proved that the soft systems methodology is particularly useful for organizational environments where success essentially depends on considering human components adequately.