食管癌的发生和发展受多种因素的影响，其中基因功能的变化可能是重要原因之一。该文综述了与食管癌早期诊断、预后、治疗及预防有关的多种癌基因和抑癌基因，以利于读者更好的理解食管癌的遗传学基础。%Department of Forensic Biology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China Abstract The onset and development of esophageal cancer is affected by multiple factors. Functional variations of genes may be one of the most important factors. To help the readers understand the importance of oncogenes and cancer suppressor genes in the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of esophageal cancer, this review introduces current state of knowledge about the association between genes and esophageal cancer, and the underlying mechanisms.
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