稻田养殖和池塘养殖对中华绒螯蟹滋味品质的影响

摘要

为探讨不同养殖方式与中华绒螯蟹呈味特性之间的关系,对稻田养殖和池塘养殖的中华绒螯蟹的性腺、肝胰腺、体肉滋味指标进行分析讨论.测定了两种养殖方式下中华绒螯蟹三种部位中游离氨基酸和呈味核苷酸的含量,采用味道强度值(TAV)和味精当量(EUC)对这些成分的呈味强度进行评价.并结合智能感官(电子舌)和人工感官进行综合分析其滋味品质.结果表明:在总游离氨基酸方面,肝胰腺:稻田＜池塘,体肉:稻田＞池塘,性腺:稻田6＞池塘6,稻田♀＜池塘♀.其中,稻田蟹的苦味氨基酸远小于池塘蟹;在呈味核苷酸方面,与池塘蟹相比,稻田蟹雌雄体肉和雌性腺的EUC高,而雌雄肝胰腺EUC值低,EUC的TAV值全＞1,且体肉中味精当量TAV稻田蟹均略高于池塘蟹;在电子舌主成分分析方面,两者间区分良好,雌蟹的区分度高于雄蟹,两种养殖方式的差异更明显的体现在雌蟹上;最后结合人工感官分析,感官评价中稻田蟹肝胰腺的苦味强度明显低于池塘蟹,稻田蟹肝胰腺的整体喜好性高于池塘蟹.%In this study,the indexes of the gonad,hepatopancreas and body muscle of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheirsinensis) from rice culture and pond culture were analyzed,for exploring the relationship between the different cultivation methods and the taste profile of Chinese mitten crab.The content of flavor amino acids and nucleotides of three issues of Chinese mitten crab from different cultivation modes were determined by taste intensity value(TAV)and equivalent umami concentration (EUC)to evaluate the equivalent strength of these components,combined with intelligent sensory (electronic tongue)and artificial sensory analysis to evaluate taste quality synthetically.The results indicated that the order of free amino acid content in hepatopancreas,muscle,gonad were rice crab ＜ pond crab,rice crab ＞ pond crab,and rice male crab ＞ pond male crab,pond female crab ＜ pond female crab,respectively.Among them,the bitter free amino acid of rice crab was much less than that of pond crab.In the aspect of flavor nucleotides,the EUC value of muscle and female gonad of rice crab was higher than that of pond crab,while the EUC value of hepatopancreas of crab in rice field was lower than that in pond crab,TAV value of EUC were all higher than 1,and TAV of the body muscle of rice crab was higher than that of pond crab.According to the results of the principal component analysis by the electronic tongue,it indicated that there was an obvious setaration between the two kinds of crabs.The discrimination of female crab was higher than that of male crab and the significant difference was shown in female crabs between the two farming methods.To summarize,combined with the artificial sensory analysis,in the sensory evaluation,the bitter intensity of hepatopancreas of was significantly lower than that of pond crab.The overall preference of hepatopancreas of was higher than that of pond crab.