针对特超稠油开采难的问题,进行了无水及有水条件下超稠油的裂解实验,通过族组分、气相色谱仪及红外光谱仪对水热裂解反应前后稠油裂解降黏规律进行了研究.结果表明,超稠油经过无水参与的裂解反应后,胶质含量减少,沥青质的含量大幅上升,芳烃的含量大幅下降,饱和烃含量略有增加.超稠油经过有水参与的裂解反应后,沥青质及胶质的含量降低,饱和烃与芳烃的含量增加.无水存在的情况下,超稠油在高温的条件下发生了裂解及聚合反应,且以生成沥青质的聚合反应为主,主要由芳烃及胶质聚合转化生成沥青质,稠油黏度增加.高温水参与了稠油水热裂解反应后,其中的聚合反应得到了抑制,促进了裂解反应的进行,使稠油的重质组分向轻质组分转化,稠油黏度降低.%As to the difficult problem of recover heavy oil, the experiments of aquathermolysis is conducted which under the conditions of water and without water. The chemical and physical properties of heavy oil both before and after reaction were studied by using gas chromatography ( GC ) , fourier transform infrared ( FT-IR). After the reaction without water, the resin decreased and saturated hydrocarbons increased, while asphaltene increased and aromatic hydrocarbons decreased sharply, respectively. After the reaction with water, the resin and asphaltene decreased, while saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons increased. The results shown that a lot of polymerize reactions and pyrolysis happened in the course of aquathermolysis, the effect of the high temperature water not only slowed down the polymerize reactions but also promoted the pyrolysis which the heavy resin and asphaltene were converted into lighter saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, and the viscosity of extra-heavy oil decreased.
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