为了评估不同公路等级的汽车能耗和排放水平,实测了机动车的逐秒速度,并基于机动车比功率理论模型,得到轻重型车在不同公路等级的比功率分布;运用油耗排放模型MOVES测算了不同公路等级汽车的排放和油耗.结果表明:三种车型的比功率分布接近于正态分布;三种车型的油耗和排放随公路等级降低依次增加,其中大型货车在高速公路和三级公路的平均油耗分别为18.26 L/100 km、29.15 L/100 km,小轿车在高速公路和四级公路的平均油耗值分别为5.01 L/100 km、12.65 L/100 km;同一公路等级下,大型货车NOx、PM2.5和HC的平均排放因子最高,大型客车次之,小轿车最低,而小轿车CO的平均排放因子最高,大型货车最低.研究结果对实施交通运输节能减排策略具有一定的参考作用.%In order to evaluate vehicle energy consumption and emission levels under the different road grade, the second-by-second speed profiles of the vehicles are measured.The vehicle specific power distribution of light duty vehicles and heavy duty vehicles under different road grades are reduced based on the VSP theory model.The vehicle emissions and fuel consumption at different grade road are estimated by MOVES model.Results show that vehicle specific power distribution of the three type vehicles are close to the normal distribution.The emissions and fuel consumption of three vehicle models are gradually increasing as road class decreases.The average fuel consumption value of long-haul trucks under highway and third class roads are 18.26 L/100 km, 29.15 L/100 km, respectively, and that of the cars under highway and fourth class roads are 5.01 L/100 km, 12.65 L/100 km.The average NOx, PM2.5 and HC emission factors of long-haul trucks is highest, followed by long-haul buses, and that of the car is lowest, while at the same grade roads, the average CO emission factor of the car is highest and that of the long-haul trucks is lowest.The results will have a reference value on the implementation of transportation energy conservation and emissions reduction strategy.
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