原子光谱测定中表面活性剂对铅锌矿粉末悬浮液雾化效率的影响

摘要

采用悬浮液进样进行原子光谱测定，可以减少样品前处理和不用酸碱化学试剂，是一种绿色化学的发展方向。本文采用表面张力仪对聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧化乙烯、六偏磷酸钠、柠檬酸三钠等表面活性剂与铅锌矿粉末组成悬浮液的表面张力进行测定，利用火焰原子吸收光谱法的雾化装置进行了雾化效率的考察和优化选择。随着表面活性剂浓度的增加，水溶液和悬浮液的雾化效率均增大，当达到一定浓度时，雾化效率增幅趋缓并达到最大值，不同表面活性剂具有不同变化趋势。对于聚氧化乙烯制备的悬浮液，在2 g／L 浓度时具有最高的雾化效率；而聚丙烯酸钠在5 g／L 浓度时具有更高的雾化效率，可达20％。表明表面活性剂能改善悬浮液的稳定性并提高雾化效率，可以应用于原子光谱的测定。%Suspension sampling Atomic Spectrometry is a developing green analytical method,due to the fact that there is a reduction in the sample pretreatment process and that the use of acid and alkali reagents is avoided,which would otherwised result in environmental pollution.The surface tension of suspension, including polyacrylic acid sodium, polyethylene oxide, sodium hexametaphoshpate and sodium citrate mixed with lead zinc mineral powder, was detected by a surface tension instrument. Simultaneously, the atomization efficiency was evaluated and optimized using atomizer in Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS).The atomization efficiency of the aqueous solution and dispersants was enhanced with the increasing surfactants.The atomization efficiency was achieved using the maximum at specific concentration of surfactants.Different surfactants have different variation tendencies.The suspension prepared by polyethylene oxide with 2 g/L surfactant has the highest atomization efficiency.However,the suspension prepared by sodium polyacrylate with 5 g/L surfactant has higher atomization efficiency,which can even reach 20%,indicating that the surfactants can improve the stability of suspension and atomization efficiency and could be applied during analysis by Atomic Spectrometry.