综合性高校动物生物学课程的探究性实验教学改革

摘要

To adapt the reform of the animal biology teaching process,three exploratory experiments were meticulously designed based on nowadays course system,lab conditions and mature verified experiments.The first is the observation of amphioxus and frogs' early embryonic development.The second is to investigate the structure,function and adaptation process of the terrestrial vertebrate skeletal system.The third is to open the brain of the vertebrate.Students are supposed to consult literatures and write the preparation part of the lab report before the class.Then after the experiment,they should finish their lab report and give a true account of respond.The experiment score takes up 25％ of the final grade.These experiments have improved during nearly three years of practice and exploration.With high enthusiasm and motivation,students gain much progress in practical ability and expression ability through the exploration.Also,the 2016 final grade average made an increase of 19％ over 2015's.The textbook knowledge is refined and integrated into the experiments.The experiments are interesting,continuing and innovative as well.Students can set up the framework and main clue of the animal evolution and meet the syllabus' requirement.%为了适应动物生物学教学改革的要求,根据该课程体系及实验室条件,在开设验证性实验基础上,设计了3个探究性实验:①观察文昌鱼和蛙的早期胚胎发育;②陆生脊椎动物骨骼系统与运动系统结构功能与适应;③打开脊椎动物的大脑.学生根据探究活动内容查阅文献资料,书写实验设计方案并开展实验,最后写出实验报告和总结.实验成绩占期末总成绩的25％.通过近3年的实践与探索,实验内容趋于完善.学生学习的热情与积极性高,动手能力、表达能力通过实验的准备、操作与汇报训练后有所提高,2016年期末成绩平均分比2015年提高19％.探究性实验把教材上的知识综合并融合到实验中,突出实验的趣味性,连续性和创新性,使学生牢固掌握动物主要类群从低级到高级演化的框架与主线,达到了课程大纲的学习要求.