纵轴流双滚筒小区育种脱粒分离装置设计与试验

摘要

Mechanization of ifeld experiments is the key point to increase crop breeding efifciency, which is also an important measure to obtain correct breeding test results. In order to meet the demand of plot wheat seed harvest test, a threshing and separating unit of plot breeding wheat with double longitudinal axial cylinder was designed, which were composed by longitudinal axial conical cylinder and spike tooth cylindrical roller, the overall structure of the unit was proposed, the key structure and motion parameters of threshing cylinder and separating cylinder were designed and choiced, and obtained the average diameter of threshing cylinder and separating cylinder were 450 mm and 430 mm, the rotating speed of the two cylinder respectively in the range of 764-892 RPM and 888-1 022 RPM. Meanwhile, we determined the spike tooth number of separating cylinder was 36, and the unit was suitable for feeding quantity should be less than 2.7 kg/s, and the plot wheat threshing and separation test was studied by using the unit. The experimental results showed that when the feed rate was changed from 1.8 kg/s to 2.6 kg/s, the rotate speed of threshing cylinder was 760 RPM and rotate speed of separating cylinder was 1 020 RPM, the threshing loss rate was 0.32%-0.36%, the broken rate was 0.51%-0.62% and the rate of trash content was 2.48%-2.92%. The research indicated that the threshing and separating unit of plot wheat with double longitudinal axial cylinder with the dynamic operation characteristics of easy and sequential threshing, the well-proportioned distribution and the well-adapted with the crop. The various technical indexes of this unit had reached to the testing requirements of standard.%田间试验机械化是提高作物育种工作效率的关键环节，是获得正确育种试验结果的重要措施。根据小区育种小麦收获试验要求，设计了一种由钉齿式圆柱滚筒与短纹杆—板齿锥型滚筒组成的纵轴流双滚筒小区育种脱粒分离装置，通过论述该装置总体配置方案，完成其关键部件（脱粒滚筒、分离滚筒）结构与运动参数设计计算，确定脱粒滚筒的平均直径为450 mm、分离滚筒的直径为430 mm，两者的转速分别在764-892 RPM和888-1022 RPM，计算得出分离滚筒的脱粒元件数为36个，且装置适宜的喂入量需小于2.7 kg/s。利用该装置进行了育种小麦脱粒分离试验结果表明，当喂入量由1.8 kg/s向2.6 kg/s变化，脱粒滚筒转速为760 RPM、分离滚筒转速为1020 RPM时，装置脱粒损失率为0.32%-0.36%、种子破碎率为0.51%-0.62%、籽粒含杂率为2.48%-2.92%。研究表明，纵轴流双滚筒小区育种脱粒分离装置针对物料脱粒难易程度能够实现有序脱粒作业，其脱出物料分布均匀，有较强的适应性，各项技术指标均达到国家标准要求。