基于缓冲区分析的土地利用程度空间分布规律——以福州市马尾区为例

摘要

土地利用程度的研究多停留于单一环境影响因子,且缺少定量化研究.引入不同土地利用类型与空间概念,探讨土地利用程度的空间分布规律.以福州市马尾为研究区,选取Landsat-8OLI影像为数据源,利用决策树分类法解译土地利用类型,建立缓冲区并辅以区域统计与空间自相关的方法分析土地利用程度与林地、耕地、水域、未利用地、建设用地的空间分布关系.结果表明:(1)研究区综合指数处于0～400之间,区内土地利用程度大部分处于中等水平,且土地利用程度较高的区域都集中在河流沿岸;(2)研究区内建设用地与林地对土地利用程度综合指数的影响最大;(3)土地利用程度综合指数平均数值分别在林地、水域的200m处达到最大,应设立缓冲带避免用地的破坏;(4)耕地的土地利用程度热点区域与林地的冷点区域较为分散;(5)水域周围400～500m与600～800m、耕地周围500～600m、未利用地周围200～800m处综合指数数值减小速率相对较高且为土地利用程度的"冷点"区域,对此距离应重点监控.该研究可以为科学管理土地提供有效的依据,为城市规划提供理性指导.%The study of land use degree mostly stays in a single environmental impact factor, and lacks quantitative research.This paper introduced different land use types and spatial concepts, and explored the spatial distribution of land use degree.This paper took Fuzhou Mawei as the research area, and Landsat-8 OLI image was selected as the data source.Based on the decision tree classification method, the types of land use in the study area were analyzed, and based on the buffer zone, the spatial distribution of forestland, farmland, water, unused land and construction land was studied by using regional statistics and spatial autocorrelation.The results show that: (1) The comprehensive index of the study area is between 0 and 400.Most of the land use in the region is at a moderate level, and the areas with high land use are concentrated in the river. (2) The construction land and forestland in the study area have the greatest influence on the comprehensive index of land use degree. (3) The average value of land use comprehensive index is the largest at 200 min forestland and water respectively, and the buffer zone should be set up to protect land security. (4) The land use degree of farmland is more dispersed, and the cold spot area of forest land is more dispersed. (5) In the area 400～500 mand 600～800 maround the water, 500～600 maround the cultivated land, and200～800 maround the unused land, the composite index is relatively high and it is the"cold spot"area of the land use degree, while this distance should be monitored with high priority.This study can provide effective basis for scientific management of land and rational guidance for urban planning.