北京市土地利用变化对地表温度的影响分析

摘要

运用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对北京1995年至2005年的土地利用时空变化特征进行了分析,并分析了土地利用变化对区域内地表温度的影响.北京在1995年至2000年的土地利用变化较小,随后五年城镇面积大量扩张,占用了大量的耕地和林地.北京地表温度等级较高的区域在数量上呈逐年增加的趋势,同时在空间分布上呈现从分散向城市中心集中的趋势.构建了TVX空间研究土地利用变化对地表温度的影响,计算了不同土地利用类型转变为建设用地的变化向量长度,并选取未变化的土地利用类型的平均温度作为控制点,消除不确定性因素,分析得出变化向量的幅度依次是:有林地＞水域＞其他林地＞灌木林地＞草地＞耕地,由此可以看出,林地和水域对缓解地表热环境作用较强,在城市规划中,要尽量保护林地和水域.%The GIS and RS techniques were employed to explore the land use change and its effect on the ecological environment. The spatial and temporal patterns of land use from 1995 to 2005 are analyzed. Then, the effects of land use change on land surface temperature (LST) are researched further. From 1995 to 2000, the land use change of Beijing was slow. In the next five years, the built-up land will occupy a lot of cultivated land and woodland. The area of higher land surface temperature level is increasing. Meanwhile, it presents a trend of scatter to concentration in spatial distribution. Furthermore, the temperature-vegetation index (TVX) space was constructed to investigate the influence of land changes over LST. The extent of variation vector has an order:forest land>water body>other woodland>shrub land>grassland>cultivated land. As a result,the forest land and water can work better in relieving the surface thermal environment, and we should protect them in the urban planning process.