This paper illustrates the methods of rail welding-seam detecting by using universal digital flaw detector in Harbin-Changchun Railway in recent years. It also amplifies the methods of flaw detecting in railheads, rail webs and rail bases from 4 aspects including detecting scanning, normal echo showing, defect echo showing, defect location and quantification. Besides, this paper also introduces the methods of flaw detecting in some special sections such as the damage in rail jaw, crescent damage in rail base and downward inclined damage in arc area between rail web and rail base etc. Practical flaw detecting indicates that using the universal digital flaw detectors to detect rail welding-seams not only can detect and scan welding seam and thermal effect effectively but also can cover the shortage of blind zones of the special flaw detectors which only are used for welding seam.%介绍哈(尔滨)长(春)线几年来采用数字式通用探伤仪进行钢轨焊缝探伤的方法,从探伤扫查、正常回波显示、缺陷回波显示、缺陷定位定量等4个方面详述了轨头、轨腰、轨底3个探伤区域的探伤方法,并介绍轨颚伤损、轨底月牙形伤损、轨腰与轨底圆弧区斜向下伤损等特殊部位的探伤方法.实际探伤作业表明,用数字式通用探伤仪进行钢轨焊缝探伤,能够有效地探伤扫查焊缝及热影响,弥补焊缝专用探伤仪存在盲区的不足.
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