肿瘤的免疫疗法及其作用机制概述

摘要

肿瘤的传统治疗手段包括手术、放疗和化疗,这三种治疗模式旨在直接杀伤肿瘤细胞,但同时又损害正常细胞和组织,而且很难彻底消灭肿瘤细胞,因此发展第四种治疗手段势在必行,特别是目前飞速发展的免疫疗法.肿瘤的免疫疗法具有显著的临床疗效,免疫治疗已经成为肿瘤患者治疗的重要手段.根据抗肿瘤的免疫机制,肿瘤的免疫疗法可分为主动免疫疗法和被动免疫疗法两大类.被动免疫治疗中最具代表性的是过继细胞免疫疗法,其包括 CIK和DC所参与的肿瘤免疫疗法.论文对被动免疫疗法和主动免疫疗法的作用及作用机制进行了综述,以期为肿瘤免疫治疗的实验室研究和临床应用提供参考.%The traditional treatments of cancer include surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the three modes of treatment to kill tumor cells directly,but also damage the normal cells and tissues,and it is diffi-cult to completely destroy the tumor cells,so the development of fourth kinds of treatment is imperative, especially in the current rapid development of the immune therapy,immune therapy has clinical tumor cura-tive effect,immunotherapy has become an important means for the treatment of patients with cancer.Ac-cording to the anti-tumor immune mechanism,tumor immunotherapy can be divided into two categories:ac-tive immunotherapy and passive immunotherapy.The most representative of passive immunotherapy is a-doptive cellular immunotherapy,which involves tumor immunotherapy involving CIK and DC.This article reviewed the roles and mechanisms of passive immunotherapy and active immunotherapy in order to provide theoretical basis for the laboratory study and clinical application of tumor immunotherapy.