锂离子电池3d过渡金属氧化物负极微/纳米材料

摘要

Compared with the traditional carbon materials for lithium-ion batteries,3d transition-metal oxides（MxOy,where M is Co,Fe,Cu or Ni） as anode materials have been attracting intensive attention in recent years due to their higher energy capacity,higher recharging rates and safety to meet the ever-going demand for lithium-ion batteries with energy density,power density,cyclability and safety to be more suitable for its new applications in many fields,which include portable electronic consumer devices,electric vehicles,large-scale electricity storage in smart or intelligent grids,etc.In this review,firstly a general introduction is given to the charge-discharge mechanism of 3d MxOy anode materials.Then,a discussion in detail is made to the relationship between the electrochemical properties and a variety of structural characteristics of 3d MxOy and composite anode materials,in light of the structural characteristics of 0 dimensional（0 D）,1D,2D,3D nano-structures,hollow,core/shell,microano-structures,and so on.More over,some analyses are focused mainly on various strategies used to fabricate different 3d MxOy anode materials.Finally,it is highlighted to the future trends and prospects in the development of 3d MxOy anode microano-materials.%与传统的碳材料相比,锂离子电池3d过渡金属氧化物（MxOy,M=Co、Fe、Cu、Ni）负极材料具有更高的容量、倍率及安全性能,更适于锂离子电池在移动电子设备、电动汽车、备用储能和智能电网等领域的应用,因此备受关注。本文介绍了MxOy负极材料的充放电机理,并以零维、一维、二维、三维等纳米结构及空心、核壳等多种微/纳米结构为出发点,详细讨论了过渡金属氧化物电极材料的电化学性能与结构特征之间的关系,分析了具有不同结构特征的负极材料的合成方法;展望了3d过渡金属氧化物负极微/纳米材料的研究趋势和发展前景。