特殊类型脉冲星的研究进展

摘要

Neutron stars are the remnants of massive stars whose cores collapse during the supernova explosions at the end of their lifetimes. Research of them have provided applications in astrophysics, particle physics, astrometry and even navigation. Great progress has been made in the study of pulsars since it was discovered in 1967. The properties of pulsars are very abundant and they were detected in radio, X-ray and γ-ray bands, and they can be divided into different types according to their properties. In this paper, we reviewed the basic properties and the research progress of different type of pulsars,including rotating radio transients and intermittent pulsars in radio waveband, binary pulsars, millisecond pulsars, magnetars, X-ray dim isolated neutron stars, central compact objects and γ-ray pulsars in X-ray and γ-ray wavebands.%脉冲星是演化末期的大质量恒星经过核坍缩形成的产物,它们在天体物理学、粒子物理学和卫星导航等方面具有重要的应用.自脉冲星发现50年来,其观测和理论研究取得了巨大进展.脉冲星主要在射电波段被探测到,部分脉冲星也有X射线和γ 射线等波段的辐射,它们的信息非常丰富.根据其不同的观测特征可以把脉冲星分为多种类型.主要对射电、X 射线以及γ 射线波段的特殊类型脉冲星,包括旋转射电暂现源、间歇脉冲星、态转换X射线脉冲星、磁星、暗X射线孤立中子星、中心致密天体以及γ 射线脉冲星的基本性质及其研究进展进行综述.