风能资源评估和风电功率预测等除需要平均风速数据外,还需要对风力的瞬变特性进行准确的测量和分析.分析了风力瞬变特性对风电场的影响,为能够准确测量垂直切变、湍流等风力的瞬变特性,提出利用三对超声波换能器构成三维阵列的风力瞬变特性测量方法.采用时差法,通过设计超声波换能器阵型排布及各部分电路,建立风力参数计算模型；在准确测量传统的风速和风向参数基础上,进一步实现了实时的风力瞬变参数特性测量.采用该方法进行了三个测风塔的长期连续风力特性数据采集,据此研究了风切变和湍流对风电场的影响,进而为风电机组选型和风电场选址提供依据.%Assessment of wind resources and wind power prediction needs the average wind speed data as well as the accurate measurement and analysis of the wind transient characteristics. The influence of the wind transient characteristics on wind farm is analyzed. To accurately measure the transient characteristics of wind shear and turbulence, three pairs of ultrasonic transducers are used to measure 3D wind transient characteristics. The calculation model of wind parameters is established by the design of the ultrasonic transducers' formation and each part of the circuit using the time-difference method. Furthermore, the real-time wind transient characteristics parameters measurement is realized based on the accurate measurement of the wind speed and direction. Three wind towers' continuous wind characteristics data are collected by this method for a long time. The influence of the wind shear and turbulence on wind farm is researched, according to which the type of the wind turbine and the site of wind power plant could be easily chosen.
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