长江口疏浚物处置问题探讨

摘要

Due to high development intensity of port and waterway resources in the Yangtze River estuary, the generated quantity of dredged materials is large, and dredged materials’ disposal has become a major technical problem in the field of port and waterway engineering. Using lots of engineering field data, we analyze the source, quantity and properties of dredged material of Yangtze Estuary, summarize the current situation and main problems, and discuss the future outlets of dredged materials generated from the Yangtze estuary. The results show that the annual average quantity of dredged materials is nearly 100 million square meters, which is generated mainly from the 12.5-meter-deep waterway of the South Channel and North Passage of the Yangtze estuary and secondary channel of Waigaoqiao port area phase four to six project of Shanghai port. At the present stage, the dredged materials are still mainly dumped to ocean dumping sites, the ratio of resource utilization is not high generally, and its use pattern is relatively simple. Under the background of more stringent ocean dumping management and more popular low-carbon circular economy, the fundamental outlet of dredged material disposal of Yangtze estuary lies in higher level of multiply resource utilization, effective engineering measures for port and waterway sedimentation reduction, and strengthening assessment and rational use of ocean dumping sites.%长江口水域港口及航道资源开发强度高、疏浚物产生量大，由此带来的疏浚物处置问题已成为水运工程领域的一大技术难题。利用大量工程现场资料，分析近年来长江口疏浚物的来源、产生量及性质，总结疏浚物处置现状及存在的主要问题，并探讨长江口疏浚物的未来出路。结果表明：长江口疏浚物年均产生量高达近1.0亿m3，主要来源于长江口12.5 m深水航道（南港北槽段）和上海港外高桥港区四至六期支航道。现阶段长江口疏浚物处置仍以海洋倾倒为主，资源化利用率总体不高，且利用方式相对单一。在海洋倾废管理日趋严格、低碳循环经济备受推行的大背景下，解决长江口疏浚物处置问题的根本出路在于加大疏浚物的多途径资源化利用力度、加快港口航道减淤措施的制定和实施以及加强海洋倾倒区的科学评估与合理利用。