China began to face an aging population, and it's turning into super-aging society at a faster rate, which will cause the increasing payment of social security funds pressure.The situation makes us have to take effective countermeasures.In this context,the paper is based on individual utility maximization to establish the three-state optimal retirement model by considering the wage rates of return, and other variable factors such as a factor distinguishing the workers.On the basis of the model, it compares the different retirement tendency of mental and manual workers.Based on the changes of the average life expectancy, it studies the distribution of the optimal retirement ages using the respective provinces' data of 1990,2000,2010.According to the results, it's appropriate that the optimal retirement age of mental workers should be higher 1-2 than that of manual workers.Beijing, Shanghai and other economically strong provinces can be the first to implement the retirement age policy.While some less developed provinces,such as Guizhou, Yunnan can delay a few ages slightly, or implement the policy a few years later.%我国进入老龄化社会后,又以较快的速度即将进入超老龄化社会,社会保障基金的支付压力持续加剧,从而不得不采取有效的应对措施.本文基于个人效用最大化原理,通过考虑工资回报率、劳动者区分因子等变量,建立三状态的最优退休年龄模型.在此基础上,对比脑力劳动者与体力劳动者的不同退休倾向,并依据中国人口平均预期寿命的变化,从各省市的角度对1990年、2000年、2010年的最优退休年龄分布特点进行比较分析.结果表明:脑力劳动者的最优退休年龄应以高于体力劳动者1-2年为宜;北京、上海等经济强省可率先推行延迟退休年龄的政策,贵州、云南等地可较小幅度延迟或滞后延迟.
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