"全面二孩"政策实施后我国大多数女性都可以生育两个孩子.然而,对于有年幼孩子的母亲来说,如果没有儿童照料的相应支持,平衡生育、家庭照料及参与市场劳动时有困难.我国儿童照料市场状况呈现出以下特征:公立儿童照料市场供给不足,城乡地区差异显著;私立儿童照料市场发展良莠不齐,照料质量有待提高;0—3岁儿童主要依赖非正式照料安排,公共日常照料配备基本处于缺位状态,私立儿童照料市场不受重视且存在明显区域差异.通过分析、借鉴国外发达国家提高儿童照料可及性的政策与实践经验,认为增加对儿童照料的公共财政支持;建立家庭友好的工作政策,加强劳动力市场管制;注重文化的力量,增进男女平等观念建立,可以创造一种社会环境,在此环境中妇女参与市场劳动和生育是可以兼容的.%Couples in China can have two children after comprehensive two-child policy.However, it is more difficult the mothers with young children to balance family care and her career if there is no corresponding support of childcare.Childcare in China presents the following characteristics:public childcare assistant is no enough, and there exists significant differences between urban and rural.The development of the private childcare is uneven and the quality of childcare need to be improved.The care of the children younger than 3 years old relies on the informal care arrangements,the public daycare supply is in the absence while the private childcare market exists obvious regional difference.Analyzing and drawing lessons from policies and practice experiences of childcare in the developed countries, the paper argues that the situation could be improved by increasing public financial support, establishing family-friendly policy, strengthening the labor market regulation.Paying attention to the power of culture, and promoting the concept of equality between men and women could help women balance their participation in labour market and fertility preference.
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