本试验通过采用抑制菌丝生长、促进伤口愈合以及在离体枝条上的保护和治疗试验,对市售的10种化学药剂进行了防治苹果树腐烂病效果的评价.这些药剂分别为甲硫·萘乙酸、腐植酸·铜、菌毒清、丙环唑、代森铵、丁香菌酯、噻霉酮、辛菌胺·醋酸盐、甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)和甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达).试验结果表明,不同的测试方法得到不同的排序.在抑菌试验中,抑菌作用最强的药剂是甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)和腐植酸·铜,抑菌带均为5.00 cm,其次为菌毒清、丙环唑和甲硫·萘乙酸.在伤口愈合试验中,甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达)和甲硫·萘乙酸对伤口的愈合作用最好,其愈伤组织宽度分别比对照宽2.00 mm和0.92 mm.在离体枝条保护作用试验中,甲硫·蕃乙酸、腐植酸·铜、甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达)处理均未发病.在离体枝条治疗作用试验中,甲硫·萘乙酸、菌毒清、代森铵、甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)、腐植酸·铜的病斑平均扩展面积均小于50 mm2,其中甲硫·萘乙酸和菌毒清的防效均为87.5％,病斑面积仅为对照的1.6％和2.2％.综合排序和分析认为,甲硫·萘乙酸是治疗腐烂病效果最好的药剂.%The control effects of 10 fungicides on apple tree valsa canker were compared on dishes, wound healing and twig tests. The 10 fungicides were thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid, HA-Cu, dioctyl divinyltriami-no glycine, propiconazole, amobam, coumoxystrobin, benziothiazolinone, Xinjunan acetate and two kinds of thiophanate-methyl. Different results were received by different test methods. In the antibiotic experiment, thio-phanate-methyl (made in Shanxi) and HA-Cu showed the highest inhibition effect. The bacteriostatic belts were both 5.00 cm, followed by dioctyl divinyltriamino glycine, propiconazole and thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylac-eticacid. In the wound healing experiment, thiophanate-methyl (made in Japan) and thiophanate-methyl +1-naphthylacetic acid treatments had wider callus than other treatments. In the twig tests, thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid, HA-Cu and thiophanate-methyl (made in Japan) showed strong protective effects without any disease development. In the therapeutical tests, thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid, dioctyl divinyltriamino glycine, amobam, thiophanate-methyl (made in Shanxi) and HA-Cu had better effects with average scar area less than 50 mm2. The control effects of thiophanate-methyl + 1-naphthylacetic acid and dioctyl divinyltriamino glycine were 87.5% of the control and the area of scars were 1.6% and 2.2% of the control. By integrated sequencing and analysis, we suggest that thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid be the best fungicide for control of valsa canker on apple.
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