东北地区水稻初冬晾晒期鼠害调查与为害分析

摘要

东北地区是我国重要的商品粮基地，同时也是鼠害严重发生地区。明确当地鼠害特点，制定有效防治措施，对保证我国粮食安全具有重要战略意义。东北地区水稻规模化种植较晚，对稻田鼠害研究也较少。本研究针对稻田鼠害种类不清、密度难定的问题，在水稻收割晾晒期内采用“翻稻垛尽捕法”和“夹捕法”调查鼠种组成与密度，并估算稻谷损失率。结果表明，尽捕法可捕获5种害鼠，稻垛鼠密度为197～310只／hm2；夹捕法只能捕到3种害鼠，小型鼠缺失；产量损失估算稻谷损失率约为0．13％～0．52％，折合每公顷损失约7．8～31．2 kg。结果表明，两种调查方法可以反映出不同害鼠的空间分布格局差异，将两种方法结合可获取更多的鼠害信息；如果适当缩短水稻晾晒期可有效减少害鼠对稻谷的为害。%Northeast region is one of the important commodity grain bases in China,as well as an area damaged by rodent pests. Therefore,to clarify the features of rodent pests and to take effective prevention and control meas-ure are strategically significant for food security in China. However,because the main center of rice farming is in South China in long-term period,the study on rodent pests and their damage in rice field is ignored in Northeast China. In present study,we used“catch-all method(CAM)”and“trap method(TM)”to survey rodent species and density in rice field and evaluated the rice loss rate damaged by rodent. The results showed that five kinds of ro-dent species could be captured by CAM,but only three kinds by TM;rodent density in rice field is 1 9 7 3 1 0 per hm2 and small size rodent is lack by TM;damaged rice loss rate is from 0.13% to 0.52% ,which amounted to 7.8-31.2 kg rice per hm2 damaged by rodent in Heilongjiang. These results suggested that spatial distribution pat-terns are species-specific in rice field and more details could be obtained using both methods;shortened drying pe-riod could be effective in reducing rice loss by rodent.