东北地区收缩城市的识别分析及规划应对

摘要

尽管当前国际上收缩城市的研究对象主要集中在西方发达国家,但已有不少报告指出发展中国家也具有相当数量的收缩城市.文章通过梳理收缩城市的研究理论,结合国内城市规划同行对收缩城市的理解,确定研究的对象与问题.在此基础上,对东北地区的收缩城市进行识别与分析,并选取收缩现象较显著的黑龙江省伊春作为个案研究,结果发现:东北地区的收缩城市既受区域性少子化、边缘性和制度变迁等问题影响,又带有资源型城市的共性问题,而个案城市的特性问题也在很大程度上导致了人口的收缩;对比西方的资源型收缩城市,伊春的人口收缩有着更为复杂的成因并出现了“退二进一” “逆城镇化”等特殊现象,由此提出相应的规划对策与建议.%Studies of shrinking cities are mainly in western countries;however,many reports have pointed out quite a number of shrinking cities in developing countries.The paper reviews relevant researches,distinguishes and analyzes shrinking cities in northeast China,and chooses Yichun city as a study case.The paper finds that regional decay,marginality,and institutional change all affect city shrinking,and some particular reasons of Yichun city also contribute to population shrinking.In contrast with shrinking resource-based cities in northwest China,Yichun's shrinkage has more complex reasons,and some unique phenomenon such as "suppress the second industryand develop the first industry" and "counter urbanization".Relevant planning measures are proposed.