Temperature is not only one of the most basic physical quantities in science and technology,but also one of the most common and important parameters in industrial and agricultural production and engineering techniques.So the concept of temperature scale and the measurement and control of temperature become very important.In this paper,the physical meaning and measurement of temperature have been briefly indicated from perspectives of macrocosm,microcosm,classical statistics,and quantum statistics,respectively.Furthermore,method of measurement of temperature and the result of experimental verification have been given through the gas isobaric expansion experiment.The advantages of this method including the simple operation,short time-consuming process and high precision were discussed in this paper.The experiment result shows that thermodynamic temperature 0 k is 272.0 degrees centigrade and the relative error is within 0.42 ％ compared with the recognized value-273.15 degrees centigrade.%温度是科学技术中最基本的物理量之一,也是工农业生产及工程技术中最普遍的最重要的参数之一,温标的概念及温度的测量与控制十分重要.本文从宏观、微观、经典统计和量子统计等各个角度描述了温度的物理意义及标定方法,给出了利用气体等压膨胀实验标定热力学温度的方法和实验验证结果.本文所采用的等压膨胀外推法标定具有操作简便,耗时短,精度高的优点,实验结果表明,热力学温度0K的测量结果为-272.0℃,与公认值-273.15℃相比,其相对误差小于0.42％.
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