早期斯多亚哲学中的决定论与道德责任

摘要

Facing the question between determinism and moral respon-sibility, the early stoics emphasize the autonomy of human behavior, which keep eyes on the moral psychological analysis of human behavior and the dis-tinction of the causes of human behavior.According to this, all behaviors of the rational animal proceed by “assent” that is determined by the nature of the agent’s individual soul or moral character which is up to us.Following the doctrine of early Stoic, although the agent’ s moral character is deter-mined by outer factors eventually, our behavior is still up to us and then is our responsibility, the conception of free-will which signifies the freedom of transcending all inner and outer factors to make choice is a later conception.%提早期斯多亚哲学家在面对决定论和道德责任的疑难时，采取的主要解决路径是，通过对人的行为的道德心理学分析和对人的行为原因的分类，强调人对自己的行为的自主性。在他们看来，理性人的任何行为都必须有“同意”在先，而这个“同意”为行为者的个体心灵本性或道德品质所决定，后者是行为的首要原因并且是有赖于我们的。尽管依照早期斯多亚哲学的教义，行为者的道德品质最后也是由外在因素完全决定的或命定的，但这并不否认我们行为的自主性及我们对之的道德责任。早期斯多亚哲学的决定论是包含个体事物独特本性于其中的原因决定论，超越所有内在和外在因素而自我做主的自由意志概念主要是更后出的哲学概念。