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Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy, 1762-1765 and its place in early-modern moral philosophy.

机译:伊曼纽尔·康德(Immanuel Kant)的道德哲学,1762-1765年及其在早期现代道德哲学中的地位。

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摘要

This work considers Kant's earliest thoughts on moral philosophy as reflected in a number of published writings and private reflections composed between 1762 and 1765. This portion of the Kantian corpus has gone largely unexamined, particularly by Anglo-American scholars. A thorough understanding of Kant's early views sheds light on his mature moral philosophy, and is a necessary prolegomenon to understanding the development of his ethics. Kant's early writings on ethics indicate that he was far more aware of the important role human feelings play in moral experience than those who read only his mature formal ethical writings usually give him credit for. They also indicate that the effects of the "Rousseauian Revolution" in Kant's moral philosophy manifest themselves much earlier than has traditionally been thought.;To understand Kant's early moral philosophy, his views must be related to those of his immediate predecessors and contemporaries; for they form the frame of reference for the meaning of his position. Kant's early thought is informed by: the British sentimentalists's critique of ethical rationalism; Rousseau's critique of the philosophes; and Crusius's critique of the ethical rationalism of Leibniz and Wolff.;Two distinct phases of thought are represented in the period under consideration. The first phase of Kant's thought is characterized by an avowed affinity with the British moral sense theory. Kant maintains that an irreducible and unanalyzable feeling of approbation is the criterion for moral goodness. Despite his agreement with the sentimentalists on this point, he maintains that sentimentalism must be supplemented through the addition of formal moral principles. Rousseau's work leads Kant to a fundamentally new understanding of morality in 1764. The second phase of Kant's thought is characterized by his rejection of moral sentimentalism, and the development of a purely formal morality. Kant sees in Rousseau's doctrine of the general will a purely formal principle whereby the human soul can structure itself. By this time Kant has come to see morality as involving one's conforming his private will to the ideal of a universal will.
机译:这部著作考虑了康德最早的道德哲学思想,这一思想在1762年至1765年之间发表的许多著作和私人反映中都得到了反映。康德语料库的这一部分在很大程度上未被审查,尤其是英美学者。对康德早期观点的透彻理解为他成熟的道德哲学提供了亮点,并且是理解康德伦理学发展的必要先兆。康德的早期伦理学著作表明,与那些只阅读他成熟的正式伦理学著作的人通常认为他相比,他更了解人的情感在道德经验中的重要作用。他们还指出,“卢梭革命”在康德道德哲学中的作用比传统上认为的要早得多。为了理解康德的早期道德哲学,他的观点必须与他的前任和同时代的人有关。因为它们构成了其职位含义的参照系。康德的早期思想源于:英国情感主义者对伦理理性主义的批判;卢梭对哲学的批判;以及克鲁索斯对莱布尼兹和沃尔夫的伦理理性主义的批判。在所考虑的时期内,思想分为两个不同的阶段。康德思想的第一阶段的特点是与英国道德感理论的亲密关系。康德坚持认为,一种不可减少且无法分析的认可感是道德善良的标准。尽管在这一点上他与感伤主义者达成了一致,但他坚持认为,必须通过增加正式的道德原则来补充感伤主义。卢梭的工作使康德在1764年对道德有了全新的认识。康德思想的第二阶段的特点是他对道德感伤主义的拒绝以及纯粹形式道德的发展。康德在卢梭的将军学说中看到了一种纯粹的形式化原则,人类灵魂可以借此构造自己。到了这个时候,康德已经将道德视为一种将个人意志与普遍意志理想相一致的行为。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mathias, Michael Byard.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Rochester.;

  • 授予单位 University of Rochester.;
  • 学科 Philosophy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1999
  • 页码 322 p.
  • 总页数 322
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:48:21

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