Due to poorer quality of crude oil and stricter environmental regulation requirements,hydrogenation processes are increasingly selected to process residue oil.But residue hydroprocessing process has its shortcomings such as limited selection of crude oils and poor adoptability.Taking Russian crude oil as an example and through analysis of the residue oil properties and data comparison,it is showed that hydrogenation process is more competitive than coking process.Whereas in actual operation,the fixed-bed residue hydrogenation unit has its limitations and can not be operated to process the feed with heavy metal higher than 120ppm.The design of large atmospheric distillation combined with small vacuum distillation and construction of a small delayed coking unit will provide a good flexibility for processing low-quality crude and improve the adoptability of hydrogenation refinery to different crude oils.In addition,the addition of delayed coking can effectively increase the blending ratio of low-quality crude and improve the flexibility of production.The combination effects of hydrogenation and coking processes will eventually increase economic benefits.%由于原油劣质化趋势及日益严格的环保要求,渣油加工会越来越多地选择加氢路线.但渣油加工加氢工艺存在原油选择面窄,适应性差的缺点.以俄罗斯原油为例,从渣油性质入手,通过数据对比,说明加氢工艺比焦化工艺更有竞争力,但在实际运行中,由于固定床渣油加氢装置不能加工重金属质量分数大于120μg/g的原料,存在一定的局限性.通过论证,采取设置大常压小减压方案及增设一套小规模的焦化装置,都能很好地解决原油劣质化问题,提高全加氢型炼油厂原油选择上的适应性.特别是增设延迟焦化装置可以有效提高项目加工流程对掺炼原油劣质油比例,增加实际生产过程中的操作灵活性,发挥渣油加氢和焦化的联合作用,提高项目的经济效益.
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