山东半岛南部近岸海域渔业资源群落结构的季节变化

摘要

Based on the bottom trawl surveys in the coastal waters of Southern Shandong Peninsular during summer and winter in 2006, spring and autumn in 2007, the community structure of fishery resources was analyzed preliminarily. Survey results indicated that there were 72 species. The mean catch rates in summer, winter, spring and autumn were 18.1, 6.9, 1.3 and 10. 3 kg/h, respectively. The seasonal variation of biomass in weight followed the order of summer＞winter ＞autumn＞spring. The dominant species were Thryssa kammalensis, Saurida elongate, Rachypenaeus curvirostris and some invertebrates including Oratosquilla oratoria, Loligo edulis and Rachypenaeus curvirostris etc. Based on the survey data, the species richness R, Shannon-Weiner diversity index H' and evenness index J' were calculated respectively. Cluster analysis, analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and similarity of percentage (SIMPER) showed that fishery resources in this area were decreased compared with original data. The study provided a scientific basis on protection of fishery biology diversities and resources restoration in the coastal waters of Southern Shandong Peninsular.%根据2006年夏、冬季和2007年春、秋季在山东半岛南部近岸海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调杏资料,初步分析了该海域渔业资源群落结构特征.结果表明,该海域4个航次的调查共捕获渔业资源种类72种.2006年夏、冬,2007年春、秋4个航次的单化网次渔获量分别为18.1、6.9、1.3、10.3 kg/h.生物量的季节变化,依次呈夏季>冬季>秋季>春季.优势种类主要为赤鼻棱鲲(Thryssa kammalensis)、长蛇鲻(Saurida elongate)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)及口虾蛄(Oratosquilla orato-ria)、剑尖枪乌贼(Loligo edulis)、鹰爪虾(Rachypenaeus curvirostris)等.根据4个航次的调查数据,分别计算了渔业生物群落的种类丰度指数R、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H'、Pielou均匀度指数J'.通过聚类分析、单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)、相似性百分比分析(SIMPER),以及对该海域游泳动物资源结构现状与历史调查数据对比分析表明,该海域渔业资源群落结构存在衰退现象.本研究为山东半岛南部海域渔业生物多样性保护和资源管理提供了参考依据.