海洋地理不利国问题之中国视角再审视

摘要

The issue of geographically disadvantaged states was once discussed on the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,and defined by UNCLOS of 1982.From the origin of this concept,this article tried to search for a specific definition and criteria for a geographically disadvantaged state.Then, according to UNCLOS and relevant international law,this article also analyzed and classified the special maritime priority ,which shall be acquired by the geographically disadvantaged states.At last,based on the analysis of geography,economy,environment,and population factors of China,this article came to the conclusion that China is a geographically disadvantaged state and China shall be entitled to related priority.%海洋“地理不利国”问题曾在第三次联合国海洋法会议上被热议，并体现于1982年《联合国海洋法公约》中。本文先从“地理不利国”概念的起源谈起，探讨“地理不利国”具体概念和确定标准。再根据1982年《联合国海洋法公约》以及相关国际法，分析海洋地理不利国家所具有的特殊海洋权益。最后根据对我国地理、人口、资源、经济等因素的分析，得出我国是海洋地理不利国家，应优先享有相应海洋权益的结论。