人与自然,谁为胜者--从生态批评视角看《白鲸》中人与自然的对抗和和谐

摘要

It is an eternal topic discussed by human beings since ancient time-human and nature, who is the winner? Although human’s life and survival is basically depend on the gift that the nature prodigally provides, however, human always treat nature as the target of being conquored,mainly in the influence of fallacious thoughts-human chauvinism. They didn’t begin to re-ex-amine the relationship between nature and human beings until ecology theory appeared. As the representative of ecological criti-cism, from the perspective of human tragedy,"Moby Dick"reveals that human and nature belong to one contradiction, not con-frontation. Therefore, only by keeping the ecological balance, improving the ecological consciousness and coexisting harmonious-ly with nature, can human benefit from the nature. That is to say, between the human and nature, there is no real winner; two parties exist interdependently.%“人与自然，谁为胜者”是自古以来人类所探讨的亘古不变的话题。尽管人类生存与生活需要自然恩赐，然而，在谬误思想--人类沙文主义的影响下，人类却始终将大自然作为征服对象。生态学理论出现后，人类才开始对自然与人类关系进行重新审视。作为生态批评的代表，《白鲸》出发于人类悲剧视角，对大自然与人类属于同一矛盾体进行了揭示，人与自然并非对抗关系，因此，人类唯有保持生态平衡，增强生态意识，与自然和谐共处，才能受惠于自然。也就是说，在人类与自然之间，并不存在真正的胜者，两者相互依存而存在。