肾移植术后BK病毒感染对移植肾功能影响的临床研究

摘要

目的 分析肾移植受体术后BK病毒感染导致移植肾功能受损的情况.方法 回顾性分析行同种异体肾移植术并定期规律接受BK病毒监测的210例受体临床资料,总结肾移植术后BK病毒尿症、病毒血症和BK病毒性肾病(BKVN)的发生情况,分析BK病毒感染对移植肾功能的影响及BK病毒清除后移植肾功能转归情况.结果 210例受体中,单纯病毒尿症受体46例,病毒血症合并病毒尿症受体46例,病理学活组织检查证实的BKVN受体7例.移植术后病毒血症受体的血清肌酐(Scr)水平分别与尿液、血液BK病毒载量呈线性相关(r=0.594、0.672,均为P<0.01).病毒血症受体的血液BK病毒载量初次发现阳性时Scr水平即呈明显升高趋势,持续病毒血症状态时Scr水平会持续升高,经治疗血液病毒载量转阴后Scr水平略下降但仍明显高于病毒感染前水平,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05).与基础水平比较,单纯病毒尿症受体病毒尿症阳性期间的Scr水平变化差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).结论 肾移植术后发生BK病毒血症时会对移植肾功能造成损伤,定期规律监测病毒感染很有必要,一旦发现血BK病毒阳性时应立即实施以降低免疫抑制强度为首选的临床干预治疗措施.%Objective To analyze the impairment of renal allograft function in renal transplant recipients caused by BK virus infection after renal transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 210 recipients who underwent allogenic renal transplantation and received BK virus monitoring regularly were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of BK viruria, viremia and BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) after renal transplantation was summarized. The effect of BK virus infection on renal allograft function and prognosis of renal allograft function after the removement of BK virus were analyzed. Results Among the 210 recipients, there were 46 cases with pure viruria, 46 cases with viremia complicated with viruria and 7 cases with BKVN confirmed by pathological biopsy. The level of serum creatinine (Scr) in the recipients with viremia after renal transplantation was linearly related to BK viral load in urine and blood (r=0.594, 0.672, both P<0.01). The level of Scr increased significantly when BK viral load in blood of the recipients with viremia was found positive for the first time, and increased continuously after viremia sustained. And the level of Scr decreased slightly when blood viral load turned to negative after treatment, but still significantly higher than before virus infection. All the above differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the basic level, there was no significant difference in the level of Scr of recipients with pure viruria during positive viruria (all P>0.05). Conclusions It will impair the renal allograft function when BK viremia occurs after renal transplantation, and it is necessary to monitor viral infection regularly. Once the blood BK virus is found positive, it shall be implemented immediately to reduce the intensity of immunosuppression as the preferred clinical intervention.